Public Health Delivery In Mauritius Health And Social Care Essay

As the expression goes â€Å" wellness is wealth † , the proviso of proper health care is highly of import as this implies wellbeing, felicity, and a good quality of life. A healthy population is indispensable for the growing and prosperity of a state. A state ‘s wellness system should therefore take at supplying quality health care to its population. The Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life, to whom an overall annual budget of Rs 5 billion is allocated, provides public health care in Mauritius as a â€Å" public assistance † service. ( Beginning: Newsletter Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life July 2009 ) . As at the twelvemonth ended 2008, wellness services were provided through 13 public infirmaries including 5 specialized 1s, 22 Area Health Centres and 108 Community Health Centres located throughout the state. ( Beginning: Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life ) . Free health care provided by the Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life has improved the wellness state of affairs of the citizens of Mauritius. This is shown in table 1.2 below. Under five Mortality Rate 22.4 16.4 Infant Mortality Rate 19.9 14.3 Spontaneous abortion Rate 15.7 10.1 Crude Death Rate 6.7 7.1 Crude Birth Rate 21.3 12.7 Life Expectancy at Birth: Male 65.6 69.1 Female 73.4 76.1 Table 1.2: Health Indexs in Mauritius for the old ages 1990 and 2008 ( Beginning: Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life ) The wellness indexs in Table 1.2 show favorable alterations in the wellness state of affairs of Mauritians in 2008 compared to 1990. Apart from supplying wellness services to the citizens of Mauritius through its infirmaries and wellness Centres, The Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life being extremely concerned about the wellbeing of the Mauritanian population, attempts to make awareness amongst them by transporting out several public assistance activities. The latter include the launching of a Mobile Clinic which was done on 7 May 2009, public presentation of physical activities such as yoga, aerobic exercises, Tai Chi and physical exercising that are organised to promote people to follow a healthy life style, tips given with respects to a healthy nutrition so as to contend fleshiness, organizing empowerment programmes to sensitize the population on the inauspicious effects of baccy and intoxicant, negotiations on stress direction and a National Cancer Control Programme has been developed to contend against malignant neoplastic disease. ( Beginning: Newsletter Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life July 20 09 ) Furthermore, The Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life purposes at bettering the quality of health care provided to the citizens of Mauritius. Recently, on 27 April 2009, it introduced the execution of the ISO 9001: 2008 in wellness services so as to increase client satisfaction and run into the demands of the Mauritanian population. ( Newsletter Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life July 2009 ) . The future programs of the Ministry include the puting up of Medical Schools where proper preparation will be given to healthcare suppliers and bettering the cordial reception and catering services provided in its infirmaries. ( Beginning: Newsletter Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life March 2009 ) From the above, it can be noted that The Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life is extremely concerned with the wellness of the citizens of Mauritius. However despite all the attempts of The Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life, the Mauritanian population does non look to be to the full satisfied with its health care services. Patients are progressively registering medical malpractice instances which presents are repeatedly seen as being the headline of many newspapers. Media coverage has created an increased consciousness of injury related to healthcare mistakes. Additionally, despite the fact that industrialization and economic growing during the last old ages have positively changed the life style and the criterion of life of the Mauritanian population, the latter is extremely exposed to diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, fleshiness, malignant neoplastic disease, HIV/AIDS and so forth. Research has shown that 1 out of 5 Mauritians aged 30 and supra has diabetes that is largely caused due to fleshiness, unhealthy eating wonts, deficiency of physical activity and intoxicant maltreatment. ( Beginning: Newsletter Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life July 2009 ) The HIV/AIDS position in Mauritius is rather high with 3792 instances registered from October 1987 to March 2009. This has resulted in 249 deceases as at March 2009. Prior to 2000, 20 to 30 new instances of HIV were being reported yearly. However over the period of 2001 – 2005 the figure had increased by about twice yearly: 55 in 2001, 98 in 2002, 225 in 2003, 525 in 2004 and 921 in 2005. The 538 new instances registered in 2008 showed that in malice of all the attempts of the Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life, HIV in Mauritius is on a lifting tendency. ( Beginning: Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life: An analysis of Health Situation in Mauritius as at twelvemonth ended 2008 ) Furthermore each twelvemonth more than 1400 new instances of malignant neoplastic disease are registered in Mauritius. In 2008, 12 % of all deceases were due to this disease. ( Beginning: Newsletter Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life July 2009 ) Heart diseases and Diabetes mellitus were the first two chief causes of mortality in 2008. Comparing the causes of decease in 2008 with those of 1975: Causes 1975 2008 All diseases related to the circulatory system including bosom diseases 28.4 % 35.0 % Diabetess Mellitus 2.7 % 22.8 % Table 1.3: Causes of decease in the old ages 1975 and 2008 ( Beginning: Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life: An analysis of Health Situation in Mauritius for the twelvemonth ended 2008 ) Table 1.3 shows a rapid addition in decease due to bosom diseases and diabetes mellitus over the last three decennaries. This can be explained by a alteration in the life style and eating wonts of the citizens of Mauritius which is doing them go more prone to such non-communicable diseases. Morbidity in Mauritius and the litigation/complaints refering medical mal-practice therefore indicate that the Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life is non run intoing the demands of the Mauritanian population. The health care system in Mauritius is acquiring bigger and more complex as the outlooks of the population are increasing. The citizens of Mauritius who are now better educated, have become extremely demanding in footings of pick, entree, quality of attention and service. They furthermore feel that the system is deteriorating and going less antiphonal to their demands as the imperativeness merely publicises the bad points. Such negative media remarks decidedly demoralise the wellness attention suppliers. The purpose of this undertaking is to look into the jobs faced by the public wellness attention sector of Mauritius. This will be done through an empirical survey at Flacq Hospital, one of the well-known general infirmaries operated by the Ministry of Health & A ; Quality of Life. Throughout this survey, it is intended to measure the health care quality provided at Flacq Hospital and analyze the factors linked to serve experience and patient satisfaction. By measuring patient experience of import information can be obtained for placing jobs and taking appropriate steps for quality betterment in health-care installations ( Labarere and Francois, 1999 ; BatchelorA et al. , 1994 ) . Bettering the quality of service in infirmaries will therefore be good to everybody viz. patients, doctors, nursing staff, direction and tax-payers. Such a â€Å" win-win † state of affairs will be advantageous to the whole state.

The Cask of Amontillado

The Cask of Amontillado† Unexpected Endings In â€Å"The Cask Of Amontillado† there are several themes shown throughout the short story. There are only two main characters in the story, and each shows their way of betrayal. The entire story is based on betrayal, and lies. Fortunado is betrayed by Monresor, who in the end, kills this intoxicated man. Montresor was supposedly betrayed by Fortunado, a story of which we are never told. Finally, we as the reader are betrayed by the narrator, because we are given so few details and logic to back up the story.Fortunado, Montresor, and the reader are betrayed throughout the short story, â€Å"The Cask Of Amontillado†. Throughout the story, Montresor betrays Fortunado. He asks Fortunado to come into his catacombs aware that he would be killing him. He taunts Fortunado by asking him if he want to go back, because he is sick. Montresor does so when saying â€Å"‘Come,’ I said, with decision, ‘we will go b ack; your health is precious†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 535) However, when Fortunado insists he comes to taste the amontillado, he is once again betrayed by Montresor when he drinks more of his wine.He becomes overly intoxicated and once again, is able to be taken advantage of. The entire walk through the catacombs Montresor betrays Fortunado by lying to him and taunting him about being sick. At the end of the story Montresor traps Fortunado by building him into a small shackled space. â€Å"A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me back violently† (Poe 536). According to Chad Dyer â€Å"The story is written in the form of confession, its reader learning of Montresour’s vengeful deed fifty years after its execution. † (Dyer).When Montresor kills Fortunando he commits not only a huge crime but a betrayal that is unbelievable to most people. Furtunado is a simpler, less obvious betrayer. He is mentioned in the very beginning cause a â€Å"thousand injuries† (Poe 533) causing Montresor to â€Å"vow upon revenge† (Poe 533). Despite all the wrongdoing of Montresor, Fotunado was the beginning, and cause of it all. â€Å"It must be understood, that neither by word nor deed had I given Fortunado cause to doubt my good will† (Poe 533). As the editorial team on Shmoop claims, â€Å"Fortunado betrays himself by not paying enough attention to his surroundings†. Shmoop Editorial Team). Fortunado was so severely intoxicated he didn’t stop to notice the dead bodies surrounding him in the catacombs, not the fact that he was with a man he has never been friendly with. He allowed himself to continually drink from the wine his enemy was providing without even the thought that it could be deadly. In the beginning of the story, Montresor tells us â€Å"The thousand injuries of Furtunado I had borne as best I could†¦ † (Poe 533) We however ar e never given any type of proof of what Fortunado had done to hurt Montrsor as much as he claims.We are never given an explanation, or even a slight clue of the wrongdoing Fortunado had caused. This leaves one to suggest that maybe the narrator was telling us a complete lie. The story was written to keep us guessing. Throughout the entire walk through the catacombs, we had no clue what they were truly walking through. We were given vague descriptions of the bodies lining the walls. When he describes building the brick wall to trap Furtunado, he describes it in a very undetailed description. Montresor shows betrayal, as well as Fortunado, and the narrator.This proves it to be a common theme throughout the story. It is shown through Montresor when he betrays Fortunado multiple times. When he kills Fortunado, he lies to him throughout the story, and plans to kill him before he even agrees to drink wine with him. Fortunado’s betrayal, although never explained, is the beginning of all the betrayal throughout the story. He has hurt Montresor in a way so badly Montresor feels his only escape it to kill Fortunado. As the reader were betrayed throughout the entire story.We are told multiple things throughout the story, but nothing is ever proven. We have to assume the narrator is telling us the truth. The theme betrayal is shown dramatically through Poe’s eyes.Works Cited Dyer, Chad M. Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado. Diss. Ball State, 1992. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. Web. <https://cardinalscholar. bsu. edu/bitstream/handle/190175/1/D94_1991DyerChadM. pdf>. Poe, Edgar A. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003. Print. Riggs, Kait. The Cask of Amontillado Irony Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, the main character named Montresor is set out for revenge. Montresor’s only concern is to get revenge on the man who has wronged him named Fortuanto. Montresor never states why Fortunato deserves to be punished. The only statement Montresor makes is that Fortunato â€Å"causes him a thousand injuries† until â€Å"venturing upon insult. † (Poe, Online) Montresor plans to take out his revenge by burying Fortunato alive. Montresor carries out each detail while he smiles at his victim.Montresor doesn’t smile at the thought of Fortunato’s â€Å"immolation† but because of viciousness. (Sweet Jr. Online) Montresor smiles because he believes the sacrifice of Fortunato will bring him a great reward. Fortunato is ironically the â€Å"mirror self† of Montresor (Sweet Jr. Online). Montresor’s desire to bury Fortunato alive â €Å"paints the psychological portrait of repression† (Sweet Jr. Online). The burial of Fortunato represses Montresor’s evil nature and puts him at peace. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allan Poe uses irony to develop his theme of seeking salvation through repression.Poe uses Fortunato’s name ironically to symbolize one personality between Montresor and Fortunato. Though Fortunato means â€Å"the fortunate one† in Italian, Fortuanto meets an unfortunate fate as the victim Montresor’s overall revenge plot. (Stott, Online) Therefore, the Fortunato side of Montresor symbolizes fortune. Montresor’s desire is to repress Fortunato. Since â€Å"the love of money is the root of all evils,† a fortune would â€Å"plunge a man into ruin and destruction† (1Timothy 6:9-10). The Fortunato side of Montresor’s personality wants to have wealth.The wealth Fortunato receives makes him both respected and feared. (Poe, Online ) By having wealth, Fortunato causes Montresor â€Å"a thousand injuries†(Poe, Online). When Fortunato’s wealth gains the fear of others, he â€Å"ventures upon insulting God† (Poe, Online). When a â€Å"man seeks greed for gain, he curses and renounces the Lord† (Psalms 10:3). Montresor needs to repress Fortunato to protect his soul from damnation. (Stott, Online) The only way Montresor can protect himself is to get rid of Fortunato. Montresor can repress the aspect of his personality which insults God by burying Fortunato alive.Fortunato, ironically despite his name, faces a very unfortunate fate at the hands of Montresor. Montresor’s name translation similar to Fortunato’s in two ways. In French Montresor’s name â€Å"combines the words montrer and sort meaning to show fate† (Clendenning, Online). Montresor shows Fortunato his fate but Fortunato â€Å"receives no utterance to a threat† about his fate. (Poe, Online) Wh en Montresor shows Fortunato his fate of being buried alive it demonstrates that Fortunato’s live burial is an act of repression. The second French translation for Montersor is â€Å"my treasure†.Through punishing Fortunato Montresor believes he can have the treasure of purity and salvation. Fortunato’s dress is ironic for a man with his stature in society. Fortunato is a man with stature who is â€Å"rich, respected, and admired† (Poe, Online). Fortunato wears a â€Å"tight-fitting parti-striped dress, and his head is surmounted by the conical cap and bells† for the carnival. † (Poe, Online). Instead of the cap representing Christ’s crown of thorns, the cap represents Satan’s role as â€Å"Prince of Fools† (Pittman, Online).Through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, Christians were able to receive salvation. Through Fortunato’s sacrifice, Montresor will seek salvation. Montresor dresses more like a priest for the carn ival season. â€Å"Montresor’s black roquelaire symbolizes a priest’s black cope worn during a funeral mass. † (Cooney, Online) Montresor dresses for the occasion that he is going to bury Fortunato. Montresor’s attire suggests that the repression of Fortunato will have an important spiritual reward. Through the repression of Fortunato, Montresor will reach salvation.The carnival setting ironically suggests a time for sin. â€Å"The carnival season consists of the last indulgences in the pleasures of the flesh† (Pittman, Online). Fortunato’s sin of abundantly drinking makes Montresor‘s plan easy to carry out. â€Å"The word carnival can be translated in Italian meaning to put away the flesh which demonstrates symbolic irony of Montresor’s intent for Fortunato† (Clendenning, Online). Montresor can make himself free of sin and worthy of salvation by repressing the sinfulness of Fortunato. The catacombs are an ironic symbol o f the way Montresor thinks.The repression begins when Montresor takes Fortunato into his family catacombs with the promise of Amontillado wine. The catacombs are â€Å"lined with human remains† and that suggests generational family troubles (Poe, Online). Fortunato keeps going farther and farther into the catacombs with only his sinful thoughts of being able to drink more wine, not knowing he is moving closer and closer to his fate of being buried alive. The wall symbolizes the finish of the repression of Fortunato. â€Å"Ironically, the wall forms Fortunato’s burial crypt. (Sweet Jr. , Online) Salvation can only happen when sins are repented. Once Fortunato yells â€Å"For the love of God, Montresor! ,† Montresor says â€Å"Yes, . . . for the love of God! † (Poe, Online). Montresor believes that Fortunato’s repression shows his love for God and demonstrates Montresor reaching salvation. The cask symbolizes a confession. Montresor tells the story fifty years later in a confession tone. â€Å"When Montresor says, â€Å"You, who so well know the nature of my soul,† he implies a priest receives his confession† (Sweet Jr. , Online).Montresor believes that Fortunato’s burial was done in good. Montresor has no remorse as he confesses but, he still confesses. â€Å"Montresor’s conscience knows Fortunato’s burial is an evil deed. † (Sweet Jr. , Online) Montresor ends by saying â€Å"In pace requiescat† (Poe, Online). â€Å"Montresor’s prayer suggests that he desires relief from guilt, not forgiveness for a crime† (Sweet Jr. 11). The feeling of salvation Montresor seeks through his confession doesn‘t happen. â€Å"For a confession to receive absolution, the confessor must demonstrate the conviction of remorse. (Sweet Jr. , Online) Montresor is unable to achieve the salvation he seeks through the repression of Fortunato. The Amontillado symbolizes Christ’s bl ood in communion. Christ’s blood offers the salvation that Montresor seeks. The Amontillado may lead Fortunato to his burial but it symbolizes the salvation Montresor wants to gain through repression. Fortunato wants to drink the wine out of pride and lust while Montresor sees the wine as something that brings him the bond of communion and the reward of salvation.Edgar Allan Poe’s uses ironic symbols throughout â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado. † The ironic symbols helped him develop the theme of seeking salvation through repression. Fortunato’s character was able to represent man’s flesh and how people easily give in to the sins of the flesh while Montresor represents how man seeks salvation through acts of repression. Fortunato represents the side of Montresor that should confess but Montresor chooses to bury Fortunato which leads to the failure of his own salvation. The Cask of Amontillado The Cask of Amontillado† Unexpected Endings In â€Å"The Cask Of Amontillado† there are several themes shown throughout the short story. There are only two main characters in the story, and each shows their way of betrayal. The entire story is based on betrayal, and lies. Fortunado is betrayed by Monresor, who in the end, kills this intoxicated man. Montresor was supposedly betrayed by Fortunado, a story of which we are never told. Finally, we as the reader are betrayed by the narrator, because we are given so few details and logic to back up the story.Fortunado, Montresor, and the reader are betrayed throughout the short story, â€Å"The Cask Of Amontillado†. Throughout the story, Montresor betrays Fortunado. He asks Fortunado to come into his catacombs aware that he would be killing him. He taunts Fortunado by asking him if he want to go back, because he is sick. Montresor does so when saying â€Å"‘Come,’ I said, with decision, ‘we will go b ack; your health is precious†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 535) However, when Fortunado insists he comes to taste the amontillado, he is once again betrayed by Montresor when he drinks more of his wine.He becomes overly intoxicated and once again, is able to be taken advantage of. The entire walk through the catacombs Montresor betrays Fortunado by lying to him and taunting him about being sick. At the end of the story Montresor traps Fortunado by building him into a small shackled space. â€Å"A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me back violently† (Poe 536). According to Chad Dyer â€Å"The story is written in the form of confession, its reader learning of Montresour’s vengeful deed fifty years after its execution. † (Dyer).When Montresor kills Fortunando he commits not only a huge crime but a betrayal that is unbelievable to most people. Furtunado is a simpler, less obvious betrayer. He is mentioned in the very beginning cause a â€Å"thousand injuries† (Poe 533) causing Montresor to â€Å"vow upon revenge† (Poe 533). Despite all the wrongdoing of Montresor, Fotunado was the beginning, and cause of it all. â€Å"It must be understood, that neither by word nor deed had I given Fortunado cause to doubt my good will† (Poe 533). As the editorial team on Shmoop claims, â€Å"Fortunado betrays himself by not paying enough attention to his surroundings†. Shmoop Editorial Team). Fortunado was so severely intoxicated he didn’t stop to notice the dead bodies surrounding him in the catacombs, not the fact that he was with a man he has never been friendly with. He allowed himself to continually drink from the wine his enemy was providing without even the thought that it could be deadly. In the beginning of the story, Montresor tells us â€Å"The thousand injuries of Furtunado I had borne as best I could†¦ † (Poe 533) We however ar e never given any type of proof of what Fortunado had done to hurt Montrsor as much as he claims.We are never given an explanation, or even a slight clue of the wrongdoing Fortunado had caused. This leaves one to suggest that maybe the narrator was telling us a complete lie. The story was written to keep us guessing. Throughout the entire walk through the catacombs, we had no clue what they were truly walking through. We were given vague descriptions of the bodies lining the walls. When he describes building the brick wall to trap Furtunado, he describes it in a very undetailed description. Montresor shows betrayal, as well as Fortunado, and the narrator.This proves it to be a common theme throughout the story. It is shown through Montresor when he betrays Fortunado multiple times. When he kills Fortunado, he lies to him throughout the story, and plans to kill him before he even agrees to drink wine with him. Fortunado’s betrayal, although never explained, is the beginning of all the betrayal throughout the story. He has hurt Montresor in a way so badly Montresor feels his only escape it to kill Fortunado. As the reader were betrayed throughout the entire story.We are told multiple things throughout the story, but nothing is ever proven. We have to assume the narrator is telling us the truth. The theme betrayal is shown dramatically through Poe’s eyes.Works Cited Dyer, Chad M. Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado. Diss. Ball State, 1992. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. Web. <https://cardinalscholar. bsu. edu/bitstream/handle/190175/1/D94_1991DyerChadM. pdf>. Poe, Edgar A. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003. Print. Riggs, Kait.

Broadsheet and tabloid artical comparison Essay

The incident that all three papers are discussing is a cable car accident in Italy in which 20 people died. This tragedy occurred on 3rd February 1998 as a low American fighter jet severed the wire on which the car hung. This caused the cable car to crash down 300ft leaving another cable car in suspension. This event happened nearby Mount Cermis, Northern Italy. The Mirror takes it account from all spectrums but focuses on British tourists in the area. The Times do not mention their eyewitnesses but focus on the American and Italian view on the subject. The Newsweek discuss mainly with American officials but they do feature any eyewitnesses. The major differences is that the Mirror is a daily tabloid, the Times a daily broadsheet and the Newsweek is a fortnightly American publication. The Mirror and The Times reported on the incident the next day, whilst Newsweek reported on it thirteen days after. The Newsweek will obviously be bias as its country is involved in the accident and the other two papers should share the same views as they are not involved. Due to the Times being a broadsheet it should have a more sophisticated language and its attitude should follow this. The Mirror has a lot of factual information on the accident. It states the number of deaths (20 skiers). It mentions the area in which it happened (Cavalese, Northern Italy). It describes the type of American jet (American Marine EA-6B Prowler). It informs the reader of the victims nationalities (at least six German, two Hungarian, two Polish). Also followed with the sex of the victims (nine women, ten men and a child). The Mirror goes on to talk about a similar incident which happened in previous years in the area of Cermis informing the reader of the number of deaths, the date, the nature of the incident and who was blamed. The Mirror gives the reader all the information needed and due to them adding information about a previous accident they are giving them that extra information this shows they researched the area and attempted to familiarise readers with the area. The Times, is a conventional broadsheet. They give the reader information of were the incident took place (Dolomites, Mount Cermis). They share the same number of deaths as the Mirror and describe the model of the plane as a ‘Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler similar to the Mirror. They include the maximum capacity of the cable car. (40 people). They mention the exact time of the incident (3:25) and the height it was going up to (6,000ft). The report does mention the nationalities of the victims in this area but it generalises saying ‘most of them German’ so it does not give figures like the Mirror. The Times also mentions the previous incident in the area in 1976 when 42 people died due to ‘the failure of automatic safety systems’ in the third column second-to-last paragraph. The American publication does not discuss the event in detail. It mentions the area in which it took place (Dolomites). It refers to the cable car as a ‘yellow gondola’. It includes the number of those killed and adds the area of origin (20 tourists from seven European countries). The Newsweek report also states the type of plane and how low the Italian air chief sad it was flying ( 3,300ft) below the allowed altitude. They also inform the reader in the about an Italian plane that went missing in 1980 by Ustica and how the US were suspected to of shot it down. This report differs significantly from the Times and the Mirror. These reports all differ. The British tabloid, The Mirror will differ as it uses sensationalism and wants to shock rather than inform and the vocabulary should be restricted and compressed, there are constant puns and word plays. The Mirror seems to take a view on the incident The Mirror’s language is pacy and dramatic. They use several forms of language to achieve this. It applies emotive language to stir up sympathetic feelings from the reader. The words such as ‘plunged’ in the first paragraph is used to describe the way in which the cable car fell to the ground. They also use figurative language to describe the cable car, this could be to make the reader able to envision the horror and harshness of the accident. They do this by using a simile. They refer to the way the cable car saying ‘it opened up like a cardboard box’ as cardboard is not very strong and can be destroyed easily. This emphasises the fragility of the cable car and the violence in which the cable car was so effortlessly ruined and reinforces the severity of the accident. A dramatic form of language is constantly used throughout the report, this accentuates the incident. The plane is described to of ‘screamed down†¦ ripped the wire’, this use of onomatopoeia including other words such as ‘limped and screamed’ This shows the reader the speed and power of the plane. This use of language is used to exaggerate the incident. They also do this when describing the car using words such as ‘crashing†¦ ripped†¦ smashed†¦ dangling perilously†¦ torn†¦ plunged’. This language is also a use of hyperbole in which he event has been exaggerated for effect and to expresses the horror of the incident and visualises it to the reader as they follow the report. The Times is a broadsheet and uses a formal language, not a form of dialect as it is circulated throughout the UK. They also like the Mirror use hyperbole and onomatopoeia to exaggerate the event. They use a simile ‘screaming through the sky like a thing in torment’ this figurative use of language personifies the plane. They also use several word to describe the plane such as ‘sliced†¦ roaring’. They go on to use several words relating to the cable car such as ‘crashed†¦ crumpled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ dangling’. They also use phrases to describe the report such as’ smashed bright yellow cable car’ and ‘twisted cabin wreckage’. The Newsweek an American paper is constantly cynical in its language. It is less formal then the other reports. It does not use an hyperbole as it is not interested in the event so it has no need to exaggerate it The Mirror interviewed people from all spectrums of the incident. They talked with a British couple who were tourists in the area and claimed they missed being in the incident by minutes. The Mirror included these British tourists to give the report a personal aspect, this may gain interest from readers who would be attracted to the article as it brings the incident to the British shores that there own were involved. They also discussed the incident with a police chief Andrea Russo who described the scene saying ‘all four wall of the car opened up like a cardboard box ‘ and tells of the severed bodies and the bloodstained snow. This shows what the scene looked like after the incident. They talked to a fire services spokesman to confirm the number of deaths and the US Defence Secretary William Cohen who gives the official American statement and view on the disaster. They also get an official statement from the Italian Regional President Carlo Andreotti who condemns the Americans. He was interviewed to give an impression of the Italians view on the accident. Cristina Antoniazzi a hotel owner nearby, she discusses what she heard at the time of the accident. This gives a view of a normal resident in the area and their view on the deaths, free from all the spin and censorship a government statement may have. The Times does not offer any statements from British officials or those on the scene. They do not care for their opinion as they are not involved and do not need their view on the matter. They have an account from an eyewitness but the name and status was not given. The report contains a statement from Fausto Colasanti, a police official describes the location as a ‘terrible scene of carnage’ . The Times also talk to a rescue worker and the Italian Deputy Defence Minister to add an official look on the cable car incident. A Signor Brutti is also mentioned but his status is unknown. This mainly has an Italian viewpoint, not that it holds a bias view but not many American opinions are given on the accident. The Newsweek does not feature many interviewees. It has views from American Gen. Tim Peppe who defends the pilots. Italian Gen. Mario Arpino said the warplane was flying 3,300ft below designated altitude and the U. S Ambassador Thomas Foglietta is said to of ‘finally conceded’ that it was flying ‘below the minimum approved altitude’. The report includes a U. S activist Grace Potorti who describes the incident as her ‘worst fear come true’. The Newsweek includes the Italian President Luigi Scalfaro who hoped ‘the accident wasn’t caused by someone†¦ who didn’t care about others’ lives’. They do not include any actual comments on the scene of the accident or from those around the area or nearby the incident. They do this because they are bias and are not in favour of the Italian view that the pilot were being reckless. They include mainly phrases and not full statements from any of their interviewees.

Research methodology design and process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Research methodology design and process - Essay Example In this context, the need for research in nursing is no longer just driven by the epistemological requirement of the field, but it is also necessitated by the perceived need for policies that will enhance patient satisfaction. In this regard, this paper will look into research and research methodology as it is adopted in some studies within nursing. This paper will be divided in to six sections. The first part is the introduction. This section presents the focus of the paper as well as the structure of the entire study. The second segment deals with the identification of the area, which is to be researched or audited and the justification for the choice of the topic. This part will present the rationale behind the chosen topic for the research. The third part will be discussing the search strategy used in identifying sources of research. Continuing, the fourth part will deal with the research methods adopted by some studies within nursing regarding the issue of nursing led care in ca ncer health services. The fifth part will look into the impact of the selected studies to the field of nursing. Finally, the sixth section will present some research suggestions pertinent to the topic chosen. At the end of the paper, a better understanding of the rudiments of research and research methodology as it is adopted and applied in nursing is attained. 2. The Identification of the Topic and the Justification for the Choice As the field of nursing is wide and various issues are being raised, the researcher decided to look into the topic of nurse led care in cancer with focus on adult patient’s satisfaction. There are several reasons that prodded the researcher to prefer this topic over other concerns that are encountered in the field of nursing. These are (1) the researcher is working as an oncology nurse. This is the primary reason why the researcher has opted to work on the topic nurse led care among adult cancer patients and patient satisfaction. My experiences in work serve as a motivation to understand further the extent of patient satisfaction among adult cancer patients, especially when it is nurse led. (2) Another reason is that there is an increasing awareness among patients regarding the importance of their perception pertinent to their health care (Kleeberg et al., 2008; Williams and Healty 1998). Since, knowing patient satisfaction will help in developing approaches that will further improve their predicament. Patient satisfaction is crucial for cancer patients as they are vulnerated not only by the cancer, but they are made vulnerable byseveral psychological, emotional, and educational challenges (McClement and Hack, 1999; Stiefel and Rafazi 1994; van Gruenigen et al., 2006). Accordingly, there is a constant necessity to know cancer patients’ satisfaction in order to provide them with the appropriate health care they need as they deal with their illness. Finally, (3) recent developments in biomedicine have helped patients in gaining better chances in dealing with their cancer. However, the developments in biomedicine also carry with it increasing complexity. In this regard, there is a need to know patient satisfaction of adult cancer patients as they face not only their illness, but also the complex health care services they use (Lis et al., 2009). As there is a perceived necessity in apprehending patient satisf

Study for Insurance Covers(Australia) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Study for Insurance Covers(Australia) - Essay Example Accidental breakage of glass, mirrors etc. will get insurance cover under this policy. For fixed glass that forms part of the building including fixed shower bases, basins, sinks, baths and toilets the insurance cover is available. Mirrors, glassware, crystal, crockery, china (except when being used, cleaned or carried) or glass in furniture (except for glass which forms part of a television or a computer screen/monitor. Items covered for accidental breakage include fixed glass like window tinting or shatter- proofing material attached to the glass on the insured buildings. If we insured the contents, any mirrors, glassware, crystal, crockery or any glass in furniture .Mirrors, glassware, crystal, crockery or china are not covered while they are being used, cleaned or carried by hand. The most the CGS will pay for any one item, pair, set, collection or system is $20000.The contents worth more than $20000 will have to include each as a special content item .To do this the insured must advise the CGS and the items will be listed on the insured’s schedule. For each claim for the building and contents the CGS will reduce the amount they pay for claim by the excess. The amount of excess is shown on the insured’s schedule. The most the CGS will pay for any claim for building or contents is the sum insured shown on the insured’s schedule. In case of additional things this condition is not applied. The cost of rebuilding or repairing the damaged portion of the insured building will be paid by the CGS if the schedule shows â€Å"including replacement benefit.† (Accidental Damage. 2006, p. 53). From the analysis of the terms and conditions of the Essentials Plus home and content insurance policy we can see that Rob’s damaged vessel is included in the term contents in the CGS policy and it is sure that the damage is not caused during

Critical analysis paper -Womens Philanthropy Board Fall Luncheon to Essay

Critical analysis paper -Womens Philanthropy Board Fall Luncheon to kick off yearlong commemoration of 50 Years of Integration at Auburn University the speaker was Marybeth Gasman - Essay Example Demonstrating her power of speech, her content had accurate facts; her speech seemed well organized with a clear introduction and good conclusion; the manner of delivery was perfect with high eloquence and clear voice as well as keeping the audience entertained throughout. It all showed how well prepared she was (Darlington, para.3). The contents of Professor Gasman’s speech concentrated on the theme of the event and sometimes beyond. She even touched on the need for students to recognize and appreciate efforts made by their respective colleges when they finish their education, expressing alarm over the decreasing number of people registering in alumni. To make her facts accurate, she shared statistics obtained from a recent study based on how African Americans give back to their Universities they graduated from and how they give in general to the church tithes offering and the family members (para.43). This example, however, did not go down well with the African American students in the room and most of them saw this piece of information irrelevant to the topic of the event (para.4). The speech was well organized and seemed to flow from the beginning to the end (para.17). Her introduction focused on huddles faced on the journey to academic excellence in various parts of the world. She made her introduction perfect by paying tribute to the students and staff who lost their lives in the deadly shooting at Connecticut elementary, which made her seize our attention (para.16). The introduction transited smoothly to her main speech of the day where she concentrated on the benefits of integration. She ended her speech by outlining a summary her main points thus making it a strong conclusion (para.46). The speech delivery was very convenient and thorough. She used an effective microphone with good sound quality that never jammed during her entire speech. The microphone made her voice loud enough and we got every detail of her speech clearly

Public Speaking Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Speaking - Speech or Presentation Example This only occurs when the speaker has a wide database of information to stand on and speak aloud of and in. Such questions which could be probed into are the following (which are broad lines to what should be asked)worth asking and must be asked to the representative are such as follows(in means and understanding that whether the speakers would be interested in the following questions or not when spoken about to them): The information to convey should be positively building a view of the scope of the company the speaker is speaking about. How far interested are they in the development of the speech into other components of discussion such as administration management of females and males relation in the office and ability to communicate between both genders in the company. The activities that are discussed concerning the look and overlook of the women to a male discussion and what men see and convey from meanings and what women tend to understand and what men in return tend to understand when women speak to them or discuss a topic with them. AreAre the executives willing to probe into such discussions Can the speaker openly discuss the opinions from a social point of view and personal to find a policy that is effective and reaching between two extremes (the manner of behavioral attitudes between men and women at work). Having on mind that men and women have examples of conveying understanding through physical appearances and jestures: how could I tell that the board is accepting what I say and what I do not say(men tend to be up and straight-forward and women could be quiet and chit chat among themselves). What are the issues that the board needs to discuss mainly (social, political, economical..) What trials

Personal Savings Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Savings Strategies - Assignment Example I can possible save over $50 a month if I control my impulsive buys. My gasoline expenses are high because my SUV vehicle wastes a lot of gas. I could invest in acquiring a hybrid vehicle that gives at least 40 miles per gallon. My gasoline expenses would be reduced by at least 60% by acquiring an economical vehicle. My personal savings plan starts by establishing a realistic goal of how much I must can save based on my personal expenses. My personal income is $2000 a month. I must add my variable and fixed expenses to determine a budget that exceeds my expenses. People that spend more than what they earn are always in debt because they finance their excess living expenses through debt instruments such as credit cards. The table below shows my financial personal plan based on my income and expenses. The budget above is my best estimate of my monthly expenses. The two tactics I’m going to use are lower my clothes and entertainment expense by $50 and to lower my gasoline expenses. I will trade in my SUV for a used vehicle that gives 40 mpg. The value of my vehicle is above $20,000, thus I have some options to achieve my goals without having to increase my budget by buying a new car. I expect to obtain a gas savings of 60% which would lower my monthly gasoline expenses from $300 to $120 month. The new budget of the next five years is illustrated below: My new monthly budget will allow me to save $230 a month. My total yearly savings are $2760 a month. A conservative estimate for the next five years is that my savings will continue at the same rate for the next five years. The reason that the estimate is conservative is because my income will increase due to a higher level of educational attainment. The same assumption will be applied for the 10 year and 20 year financial goals. Based on a 2% interest in savings for the next 5 years my

Quality of Service of Voice over Internet Protocol Essay

Quality of Service of Voice over Internet Protocol - Essay Example are providing opportunities to retailers in the industry to take on the traditional broadcasters and telecommunication companies. Companies like Cisco and Alcatel in close cooperation with ISPs like AT&T, Verizon and Comcast, took a lead in coming out with state of art internet telephony gadgets. The convergence of video, voice and data on next generation networks has resulted into integration of many services. As a result the all important digital pipe is stated to provide telephone service, television channels, radio channels, internet connections and data services all bundles in one connection. Theoretically such services can work wonders for an individual or a limited number of consumers. But as the number of online consumers increase substantially, the quality of digital services deteriorates. For example, mobile operators are already offering audio and video streaming services to their customers on 2.5G and 3G networks (Eastwood, 2007). But the problem starts when large numbers of people start using the digital pipe to communicate with each other or when millions of radio listeners hook on to the radio network to listen the weekly radio broadcast of President of America. This causes traffic congestion in the Internet line, thus severely affecting the quality of the service over the Internet Protocol. A debate has therefore started over the effectiveness of such technological advancements in replacing the traditional copper or fiber cables for telephony, terrestrial or cable television broadcasts or radio transmissions. This study is an effort towards analyzing the developments in information technology in general and telephony and communication technologies in particular. An effort would also be made to study how the perception of user has changed over the years towards accepting these changes and how smooth this transition has proved to be. As internet is gradually maturing and presenting a paradigm shift

Interview 1 member of the clergy and 1 academic counselor who both Assignment

Interview 1 member of the clergy and 1 academic counselor who both interact with college students Research strategies for self-m - Assignment Example Most college students face various life challenges, especially when they are fresh in college because college life is a transition phase from dependence to independence. It is during college life that new students have to make independent decisions, manage finance and time, interact with people from various social backgrounds and develop their identity. Therefore, college students face emotional, psychological and spiritual challenges. In the two interviews that involve one member of the clergy and an academic counselor, I will evaluate emotional, psychological and spiritual needs of college students. Information obtained from research on strategies for self-management, time management, and learning for college students will be incorporated with the information obtained from the two interviews to create a plan that will meet the emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs of college students. What are the Spiritual Needs of College Students? In an interview with a member of the cle rgy on the emotional, psychological and spiritual needs of college students, it was revealed that college students have various spiritual needs. The clergy, having worked in the institution for several years, has been interacting with college students. ... He confirmed that freshmen need a place to worship. The clergy further said that the place of worship that most college students need should enable them to connect with people with whom they share their faith. This is because college students need enhance their spiritual growth while in college. Do senior college students also have spiritual needs? The clergy respondent to the question by emphasizing that senior college students also have spiritual needs, only that the location and details about place of worship is not a challenge to them because they have stayed for sometime, and they have sufficient knowledge. Given that most people in college have upgraded their thinking, and have learnt some abstract new concept, as students interact with others and instructors, their previous religious beliefs may be challenged and put on inquiry. As result, these senior college students need a place where they can learn about spiritual truth to enhance their spiritual health and overcome any ch allenges to their spiritual beliefs that may be misleading. Senior college students also need to know the truth so that they can make right decisions on the spiritual paths to follow, upon getting sufficient information. The clergy further noted that during his long term service in the institution he had made significant observations. During his interactions with college students, the clergy observed that college students need a stable environment and people to explain and show them the love of Jesus so that they feel they have a place to belong, when it comes to spirituality. What are the Emotional Needs of College Students? My main objective was to

Careers in Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Careers in Writing - Essay Example development in the 21st century, through this, we shall be able to show the current industry challenges during this period, thus meet the objectives of the study. Fashion begun in the 1826 when designers were just dress makers with no sense of high style and any form of style only came from royalty and aristocrats (Jones, 2007).. The 21th century has seen the fashion industry spread to the world over, with the modern outlook and many designers joining the industry such as the Dolce & Gabbana and Calvin Klein among many others. Many have completely misunderstood the concept of the products that the fashion industry make, to some, a mere mention of the word ‘fashion’ denotes making of clothes only and nothing else, and still they view clothe as only the silk-made, cotton-made and others that we put on as skirts or blouses, which is partially right but a narrow view of the facts; these products actually encompass several commodities (Espejo, 2010). Fashion is an art of applying design or something natural on to somebody and this is influenced by culture, social background but the art also differ from time to time. The designers work to satisfy the consumer’s needs. These people try to make clothes that are functional and good to the consumer’s eye. They make accessories such as handbags, swords, umbrellas, watches, socks, scarves, hats and many others. So the composition of fashion goes beyond clothes into accessories that accompany the made clothes. It is therefore a very wide and diverse industry (Cumming, 2004). From the designers table and subsequent manufacture, the product must be sold to the consumer; however, how they reach the consumer is the focus of this study. So the big question is â€Å"by what means does the product reach the consumer?† To answer to this question it’s important to note that some designers use two levels of marketing that is, retail and wholesale levels. Various companies that do not reach to the consumer directly place

Mound Builders Essay Example for Free

Mound Builders Essay The Mound Builder civilization can be described in terms of Human-Environmental-Interaction (HEI). The Ancient Mound Builder civilization built many Earthen Mounds over a vast period of time in North America. The Mound Builders were hunters and gathers but later began to domesticate the following native plants: Sunflowers, goose foot, erect knot wood, and May grass (â€Å"The Woodland Period†). Due to the Mound builders location they had to face many environmental challenges, first the Appalachian Mountain affected the amount of contact they had with other civilizations and made trade hard because they would have to travel over the mountains. The Great Plains provided great land for the Mound builders to plant and cultivates the civilizations agricultural produce such as the following: Sunflowers, goose foot, erect knot wood, and May grass. The Mound builder civilization has many rivers that ran through its boundaries including the following Rivers: the St. Lawrence, Mississippi and Ohio rivers (Kavasch). The Rivers provided water that helped sustain the civilization, and its agricultural produce. The Mound Builders Civilization can be described in terms of movement. Trade existed between leaders of Mound Builder clans and other territories. They made pottery which they traded with other civilizations; they also collected and traded shellfish that was used in jewelry. The territories from the Southeast were provided with the following items: Mica, Quartz of Crystals, and Chlorite from the Carolinas. The Mound Builder clans from the Southeast were provided with the following items: Galena from Missouri, Flint from Illinois, Grizzly bear teeth, Obsidian, and Chalcedony from the Rocky Mountain, and Cooper which was found in the Great Lakes (â€Å"The Woodland Period†). The Mound Builders were Animistic, and there civilization had social classes, these practices were instilled in the Mound Builder culture from Movement and interactions with other civilizations (â€Å"The Woodland Period†).

Management and Leadership of Walmart

Management and Leadership of Walmart Management can be defined as the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals (Bateman, 2009). Leadership is the setting up of a new vision for a particular group to follow. When there is leadership without management there will always be a need for a direction to be set. There will also always have to be someone to correct the mistakes that are made within the organization. When there is management without leadership, there will always be a need to have a referee because there is no new leadership or change. The job of a leader is not to just sit behind a desk all day, but to get out and motivate employees to do their best. Therefore, the importance of management and leadership knows that when the two are combined, they set a direction that allows for success within an organization and lifts morale. In an organization such as Wal-Mart, the roles of management and leadership have always gone hand-in-hand. Managers and leaders work close daily to ensure that the store operations and the warehouse operations run smoothly. Although there are named positions within the company, all are known as associates, from senior management to the door greeter. Management versus Leadership According to (McCrimmon, 2007), management is the organization function that gets things done efficiently to gain the best return on all resources. Management is not always about managing a group of people. Management is all about getting the best results on a project for a successful outcome. Wal-Marts management teams strive to ensure that the needs of the customers and associates are met. A strong value that has always held within the company is the Sundown Rule. This rule is the observance that the company will do their best to answer a question or concern before the close of business the day of reception. This is where the teamwork of the entire company comes into play, and efforts are combined to resolve any issues. It has long been debated that there is no difference between management and leadership. However, it is obvious that the two are very different. Even though they work together at times, they still serve different purposes. The job management cannot be seen as the same task every day. Managers jobs change from day to day. Although daily operations must be monitored, at times it takes delegating these jobs to others so that management can dwell on other tasks of greater importance. Leaders, on the other hand, do the majority of the persuasion within the company. They can be seen as the ones to get others to change their direction. According to (McCrimmon, 2007, p. 7), the best way to stimulate innovation is to encourage all employees to show leadership by promoting new products or services. Roles of Managers and Leaders It is the belief of Wal-Marts management that in order to meet the needs of customers and associates, open communication is critical (Wal-Mart Corporation, 2010). This is done through the Open Door policy, which allows associates to voice suggestions and concerns with management without feeling threatened or that they will be retaliated against. This policy has solved many problems, and made way for great ideas within the company. Wal-Marts founder, Sam Walton, believed that effective leaders do not lead from behind their desks (Wal-Mart Corporation, 2010). He believed in the importance of leaders taking the initiative to stand out and motivate and listen to the associates to help create morale. This is why in many stores managers are seen out on the sales floor interacting with customers. Another role that managers and leaders take within the organization is that of the power of teamwork. The ability to work together in such a diverse setting with so many different voices and opinions can sometimes cause conflict. However, Wal-Mart associates, managers, and leaders always seem to pull together as a team to serve the customer and each other. Four Functions of Management Management is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals (Bateman, 2009). In order for managers to be effective, they must achieve organizational goals. These goals are traditionally known as the four functions of management. The four functions of management include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Wal-Mart uses the four functions of management as well as its own three basic beliefs: (1) strive for excellence, (2) respect for the individual, and (3) service to the customer (Mars, 2004). Planning is defined as the act of making decisions about goals and activities for an organization. Organizations need a plan to set the stage for actions and other achievements. According to (Lewis, Goodman, Fandht, 1998), plans provide a foundation for coordinating and directing the activities of the organization so that goals can be achieved. At Wal-Mart, managers and leaders work on a daily basis to plan for the organizational functions of the business. Organizing means to assemble and coordinate the people, money, physical attributes, and information needed for companies to achieve goals. When companies do not organize properly, plans fall through and success fails. Wal-Mart has attracted associates to its organization and customers to its stores because of its desire to succeed. When referring to the function of leading, it is mainly the act of stimulation. A good leader has to have the ability to motivate and communicate with employees. This ability can be seen within Wal-Marts human resources associates, who are also classified as leaders in the organization. The last function of management is controlling. The purpose of controlling is to monitor the performance and make changes necessary for organizational success. Management of Wal-Mart can be thought of as the controlling function, because their job is to plan, organize, lead, and control the activities of the organization so that goal can be achieved (Lewis, Goodman, Fandht, 1998). Recommended Management and Leadership Strategies It is important for management and leadership to participate in planning at all levels within the company. The levels of planning that Wal-Mart continues to participate in are strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency. Two strategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture within the company are to continue with the same three basic beliefs and values that Sam Walton started the company with in 1962 and also to continue to believe in open communication. The three basic beliefs and values- respect for the individual, service to our customers and striving for excellence is what the Wal-Mart culture is based upon. These beliefs and values are what make the company the worlds most admired. This is evident in the tremendous worldwide growth over the past 49 years. The belief in open communication can fall under a few different areas. The first area that will be analyzed is the Open Door Policy. This policy states associates are free to share suggestion, ideas and voice concerns, whether its help with a problem, guidance or a direction, or simply getting an answer to a question (Wal-Mart Corporation, 2010). At no time will managers treat associates with bias during open door and confidentiality will be maintained. Another area that management and leadership can possibly build upon is that of the recent legal issues that have affected the company. By continuing to listen to all associates concerns and voicing those concerns to higher leadership, this can alleviate a lot of the discriminatory issues that many employees experience. It is important for leadership to step up and be the voice in each establishment of the company. By letting the associates know that sexual discrimination will not be tolerated and that all associates will have a fair chance at qualified jobs. Wal-Mart is a dominating factor in the retail industry, which makes determining strategies that will create and maintain a healthy organizational culture difficult. However, it does appear that the company shows room for improvement. Even though the company is at the top place in sustainability, and they have over 7800 Sams club and store locations with over 2 million associates, it is still important to ensure that the organizational culture of the company is maintained. It takes management, leadership, and associates working together in a retail giant such as Wal-Mart for the company to be successful, that is the teamwork and servant leadership that Sam Walton believed in.

The Theme Of Human And Animal Transformation English Literature Essay

The Theme Of Human And Animal Transformation English Literature Essay Throughout history, animals have held and important place in literature, they act as symbols and representations of society, economics and human relationships. Franz Kafka was born in Prague in 1883 to a upper-middle class Jewish, German family. Although his mother was loving she was somewhat secondary to his upbringing and his highly domineering father was both emotionally and physically abusive. Throughout his life, Kafka always felt somewhat of an outsider as well as being plagued with guilt about his hatred for his father who he perceived as a giant of a man, my father, the ultimate judge, coming to get me in the middle of the night  [1]   As an adult, Kafka lived a double life, working as a clerk by day and writing by night, something that was highly disapproved of by his father. He never married or had children and spent most of his adult living with his parents and sister something that one can see reflected in the Metamorphosis. Metamorphosis, is fundamentally a fantasy novel however, it represents a very real scenario. By looking at the novel from a Marxist perspective one can see a worker being abandoned by his employer and family after becoming unable to work and support them financially which is representative of the proletariat, bourgeoisie conflict described by Marx. Kafkas Metamorphosis is an illustration of a capitalist society dominated by economics and the abandonment of those unable to provide for themselves. If one studies the novel from this perspective we can see that the protagonist Gergor represents the proletariat and his manager the bourgeoisie. Gregor, the protagonist of the novel represents the proletariat, he is forced to work in a job that he hates as a travelling sales man as he is trying to support his family and pay off his fathers debts. Gregors social status would be defined by Marx and Engels as a member of the class of modern wage labourers who having no means of production of their own are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live  [2]  . At the beginning of the novel we learn that Gregor has transformed into an insect. The identity of this creature however, is never disclosed; this is because the characteristics of the insect are relatively unimportant in understanding the conflict and class struggles that are occurring within the novel. Instead the transformation signifies Gergors new inability to work and provides a focus on Gregors value as a labourer rather than a person and how this diminishes when he is no longer able to go out and earn money or support his family. If Gregor is representative of the proletariat his manger symbolises the bourgeoisie he is an example of the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labourers.  [3]   The manager is not given a name which signifies his lack of humanity and acts superior as a result of his advanced economic position. Kafkas portrayal of the manager makes him highly unlikeable, if anything the reader is lead to empathise more with Gregor as an insect than his human manger. The first to abandon Gregor is his manager who leaves as soon as he realises that Gregor is unable to work and therefore has no value to him. As the worker Gregor is work nothing more than his labour to his manager he is also expendable as the manager knows that he will be able to find a replacement worker. However, one Gregor becomes unable to support his family financially they to abandon him. Marx claims that the bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil and has reduced the family relation into a mere money relation  [4]  . Kafkas metamorphosis is a clear example of this, Gregor worked in a job he hated for years trying to support his family who abandon his the minute he is unable to continue. His father is the most emotionally unattached and deals with Gregor in the harshest manner. Gregors presence seems to anger his father as he clenches his fists and throws fruit at the insect  [5]  . Although his mother and sister Grete are initially upset and sym pathetic towards Gregor his sister brings him food and cleans his room- this affection dwindles over time as they cease to receive any financial support from Gregor. Grete even begins to refer to her brother as it and states that if the bug was really Gregor he would have realised long ago that it isnt possibly for human beings to live with such a creature and he would have gone away of his own free will  [6]  . Her indifference towards her brother shows that as a result of his transformation he has ceased to exist to her. The relationship of the family was based on shared wages and once Gregor could no longer contribute to that he no longer existed within the family relation. This is further supported by the fact that as a result of Gregors inability to work his father and sister have to start earning a living. His father takes over as head of the household and his sister flourishes in her new occupation, becomes more beautiful and earns the respect of her parents. Even his mo ther becomes stronger and starts to work more around the house. It seems that Gregors transformation forces the family into working for themselves and not being reliant on their son. The eventual conclusion to the Gregors story is his inevitable death, once he transformed and was no longer able to feed himself his life depended on the charity of his parents who considered him useless and a financial burden and locked him away. However, rather than being upset at their sons death, his family appear relieved their economic needs superseded any emotional attachment that the family had to Gregor and therefore they could not love him once he became a strain on the family. Following his death Gregors family travel to the country, they discuss the economic benefits of not having to support Gregor and then move on to talking about Grete. They discuss her marriage and the financial benefits of this, it appears that while Grete is financially useful to the her parents she is welcomed as part of the family but the novel ends with a subtle warning that if she started to become a burden she could have the same outcome as Gregor. Pig Tales by Marie Darrieussecq was published in France in1996 more than 50 years after the publication of The Metamorphosis. However, like Kafka Darrieussecq the transformation of an animal to provide a critical analogy of society. In this case our protagonist, an unnamed narrator living in Paris slowly turns into a pig, which the reader is encouraged to believe is a result of her amoral lifestyle. Her gradual transformation into an animal is reflective of the changes occurring in the society she lives which is becoming more right wing as a result of consumer capitalism. The novel follows the life of this nameless girl and begins with her being interviewed at a perfume store where the director tells her that The important thing [is] to look lovely and well groomed at all times  [7]  . Pig Tales was highly successful and very popular amongst adult readers, Sallie Muirden argues in her essay on the novel that this success could be because of the way that Darrieussecq channels cont emporary female resentment about the patriarchy in a post-feminist era, in particular theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ continued control over what women do with their bodies.  [8]   Through her book, Darrieussecq is articulating experiences and feelings that the modern day female reader will be able to relate to. She dealing with issues concerning the womens body and womens rights but in a post-feminist manner, as she is arguing that one may not have an issue with selling their body and may in fact enjoy working as a prostitute. Although this may be criticised by early feminist as being degrading to women I think what Darrieussecq is really fighting for is that we dont see her protagonist as a victim but rather as women making her own choices and decisions with regard to her body. Equally, Darrieussecq is not condemning the women in this novel, rather, she is criticising the social circumstances the narrator finds herself in which is most like a result of her lack of education which makes it hard for her to concentrate  [9]  . Her inarticulateness and naivety make it easier for those around her who are corrupt (mainly the men in the novel) to take advantage of her which is shown at the beginning of the novel when she is sexually assaulted by the director during her interview The director of Perfumes Plus was holding my right breast in one hand and the job contract in the other  [10]  . As a result it takes her a long time to realise that it is her participation in this corrupt act that are causing her apparent transformation and that she must resist form amoral behaviour in order to remain human. However, there is still something about the narrator that makes the reader empathise with her, she is very sincere and has much emotion for others which can be seen in her relationships with Yvan the werewolf and her lost pig babies, I licked the poor mites as carefully as I could. When they grew cold, I felt as though I couldnt go on. I curled up in a ball and didnt th ink about anything any more  [11]  . Here her response is protective and tender which supports my belief that she is inherently good but living in society that is corrupt.

Henry Briggs :: essays research papers

Henry Briggs Henry Briggs was born in Yorkshire, England and attended St. John's College in Cambridge. He graduated in 1581 and 1585 and became a lecturer of mathematics in 1592. In 1596 Briggs became the first professor of geometry at Gresham College in London. By 1615 he was completely engaged in the study, calculation, and teaching of logarithms. He met with Napier and proposed improvements to the logarithmic system developed by Napier. Briggs helped publish some of Napier's work and wrote Logarithmorum chilias prima in 1617. Briggs's major work was Arithmetica logarithmica in 1624. These tables of logarithms were useful tools for those performing large calculations. Briggs spent several years at Merton College in Oxford. He also composed a work on trigonometry (basically tables, both of the functions and of the logs of sines and tangents) that was left unfinished at his death.Thomas Smith, writing early in the 18th century, said that Briggs' parents were "humble of class and rather slender of means." Humble of class could mean too many things to guess, but I take the slender means to state unmistakably that they were poor. Smith indicates that Briggs could not have attended Cambridge without financial assistance from his college. Henry went to school in Cambridge, M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1577-85; B.A., 1581; M.A., 1585. And he left quite a few mathematical manuscripts that remained unpublished. Briggs also devoted some attention to astronomy and saw logarithms initially primarily as a device to aid in astronomical calculations. He published Tables for the Improvement of Navigation, 1610, and North-west Passage to the South Sea, 1622. Briggs was consulted by the Virginia Company about the northwest passage, and from information about tides and currents he deduced the existence of such a passage.

Eulogy :: essays research papers

Living Eulogy Outline Topic: The life of Issac Harman V. Purpose: To give background information and specifics of his life. Introduction: On Oct. 12 1983 in Sinai hospital, a young man by the name of Issac Harman V was born. Since that day Issac has lived in Baltimore, Maryland all his life. He was raised by his mother and grandmother mostly his grandmother. From a quick meeting with him you most commonly observe that he is a very quiet person who seems no to have much to say. Even so if you know him you learn Issac is a person who likes to have fun, likes to play sports, hang out with friends, just â€Å"chill†, and is a very family oriented person. He also want to be known as a â€Å"cool† and relaxed person. Also as a someone who cares for the ones he loves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Body I. Past A. Raised by his grandmother and mother (mostly grandmother)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Has a brother and sister which are younger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Very stable and secure environment growing up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Grandmother was protective; just wanted what was best for him B. Uncle Boobie- favorite uncle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Showed him a lot about life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Come form nothing now has 5 cars and a big house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Like a role model, showed if you believe you can achieve.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. Father showed broke down life, school, and girls to him. Basically taught him how to be a man. C. Culture/ Background   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Important being black have to go through many trials and it is hard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Things you learn are different from other races   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Cultural background not that important it helped him to learn and understand. II. Present. A. Presently attends DSU   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Major is Mass Communications   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. School is Frustrating to him B. Excited and anxiously awaiting the arrival of his daughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Saving money   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Works hard at Sears to get money

Do young people enjoy life more than older people do?

Some people may think that older people enjoy life more than young people do. However in opinion, young people enjoy life more than older people do. Young people' passion and energy are enough to enjoy life more than older people do. The reasons of it are that they do not have to be responsible for numerous tasks, that they are much more energetic than the elderly, and that they can get familiar with new technologies even faster than old people. First of all, young people do not have much responsibility compare to older people.For example, older people have responsibility to take care of their children, to earn money, to complete their work, etc. These responsibilities make them limited to enjoy their life. Moreover, whenever they try to do something to enjoy life they prefer their children's favor first, like to travel where, to choose which movie, to come together with my friends and their mother. These all make the life less enjoyable thing. On the other hand, young people do not have these responsibilities; they are free to choose from variety of options to do for enjoying their life.They can meet with their own friends, and they can go most recent and famous movie. These show us that young people enjoy their life more than older people do. Additionally, young people have more energy to do anything. In contrast, older people usually suffer from some disabilities by the time is passing. For example, my friend and I have lived in same apartment for about ten years and usually we tried to come together whenever we found some free time. And every time we went different places, and tried new things. Sometimes, our parents were the ones who planned and scheduled the vacation.Unfortunately, they were less powerful and active than we were, which forced our decision for changing according to our parents’ situation. We had great time, and enjoyed of course. However, our parents were sorry to not be able to do everything that they used to do it before. Hence, w e see that by the time our enjoying life terms will change up to our ages. And we think that we should go, try and see as much as we can do while we are still young, otherwise we will not be in proper health condition to do whatever we want.Lastly, young people enjoy life more than older people because of the reality that they can easily follow the technology compare to the older people. And technology is one of the most enjoyable things in our life. For example, we are using social media, kinds of application to be more connected to our friends. The more connection creates more friendship. And the more friendship means more enjoyable life. However, older people can only connect with their friends with traditional method which is only couple friends.As a result of this, young people can more enjoy life than older people. To sum up, there is a huge difference between young and older people to enjoy their life. Of course, the older people can also enjoy their life according to their n ew age. However in some point, they feel that they are not able to do everything they want, and in this manner they feel little boundary surrounding them. They might not feel fully enjoyed life like in their young age. On the other hand, young people can able to enjoy life by being less responsible, more energetic and more following up new things.

He Garfunkeled Your Mother: a Psychoanalytic Reading of the Graduate

He Garfunkeled Your Mother: A Psychoanalytic Reading of The Graduate The 1967 film, The Graduate, staring Dustin Hoffman and Anne Bancroft contains a plethora of human idiosyncrasies that would be of the utmost interest to the psychoanalytic minds of both Freud and Lacan. For this reading, I will focus on the theories of both Freud and Lacan in accordance with textual evidence to prove that Benjamin Braddock never achieves happiness in the end of the film, but has only just prolonged his quest to fight a miserable human existence.The most glaring and obvious reading of this film focuses around the character of Mrs. Robinson. An obvious Oedipal Complex emerges as Ben and Mrs. Robinson begin an affair. As an older woman, who Ben never calls by her first name, Mrs. Robinson becomes a replacement mother for Ben. Ben’s jealousy for his father emerges as Ben begins to understand his father is not worried about his own future, though Ben himself is extremely unsure about what the fut ure holds for his life. In fact, Ben’s father has built a distinctly upper class and well kept home for Ben and his mother.Ben subconsciously senses that his father holds all the power within the family dynamic as the sole breadwinner for the household. Understanding this unstated father-son rivalry, it is predictable through a Freudian interpretation that Ben would ultimately have sex with Mrs. Robinson, the wife of his father’s business partner. By doing, Ben can displace his Oedipal desires of wooing his mother to distract from his father’s power and wealth without actually committing incest, and therefore displace his father from a position of power.The focus on mother imagery does not stop there. Ben is often depicted in water in the form of his swimming pool, or staring into the water of his fish tank. Tyson tells us that the imagery of â€Å"dreams that involve water, especially immersion in water, might also be about our relationships with our mothersâ €  (Tyson 21). This explains why filmmakers chose to emerge Ben, in his phallic looking scuba suit, into his swimming pool. This symbolizes Ben’s emersion into the depths of his Oedipal Complex.At one point his parents push his head back under the water, thus illustrating that they are the ones who subconsciously pushing Ben into a state of dependence upon them. Though this backfires as he displaces the need for a mother or parental figure into his relationship with Mrs. Robinson. In this same scene one could conclude that this setting emphasizes Ben’s submersion into a conflict of the id, ego, and superego. Under the water, where there is no language or sound, like the Laconian Imaginary, Ben has to battle with his id, the pleasures he receives from sex with Mrs.Robinson, and his ego, deciding upon the rationality of his decisions. Once he emerges from the water and enters into the Symbolic, he is then again subject to the superego where he must decide if what he i s doing with Mrs. Robinson is right or wrong (Tyson 25). Ultimately, Ben continually chooses to avoid the situation and confrontation entirely and emerge himself and his thoughts in his pool or fish tank in order to repress any further emotional agitation (Tyson 15). The Freudian concept of fetishes is also highlighted throughout the film to serve as a constant reminder and protection to Ben.In the infamous scene between Ben and Mrs. Robinson in the Robinson’s living room, Mrs. Robinson has conveniently placed her legs up on the bar stool next to her. Her legs are spread just enough to seem inviting but not enough to reveal the fact that she has been â€Å"castrated† to Ben. There is even a series of dialogue that occurs as Mrs. Robinson sexily removes her stockings. What is most important about this scene, though, is that the line â€Å"Mrs. Robinson, are you trying to seduce me? † is delivered by Ben as the camera focuses on him through a frame made by Mrs.Rob inson’s leg, arched and positioned on a stool. By choosing to frame the most famous line from the movie this way filmmakers can ensure that Ben is still seen by viewers as innocent, protected from shame, and therefore likable, as he has not been subjected to the fact that Mrs. Robinson does not have a penis. Freud also suggests that the fetish is important because â€Å"it also saves the fetishist from becoming a homosexual, by endowing women with the characteristic which makes them tolerable sexual objects† (Freud 843).Benjamin can retain his absolute heterosexuality in the eyes of the viewer even though he is explicitly stating he does not want to have sex with this woman. His attention and focus on her legs informs the reader that he is still interested in her as a sexual being. Soon, though, this view of Ben as innocent is then shattered, as Mrs. Robinson appears to Ben in the next scene as completely nude. After seeing the naked female body, Benjamin is fully awar e that Mrs. Robinson has been castrated. He interjects, â€Å"Oh God,† â€Å"Let me out,† and â€Å"Jesus Christ,† in fear of what his has seen.The playful focus on Mrs. Robinson’s legs is gone and what remains serves as the glaring realization that Ben could be â€Å"castrated† by losing favor or power in his community if anyone found out that he had seen Mrs. Robinson naked. Benjamin eventually uses the premise of castration and phallus as power in an attempt manipulate Mrs. Robinson after their affair has been going on for some time. After deciding he has had enough meaningless sex, Ben asks Mrs. Robinson about her family including her daughter Elaine. Mrs.Robinson insinuates that Ben is not good enough for her daughter and then refuses to answer why he is not deemed good enough for Elaine. Ben then rips the sheet away from Mrs. Robinson’s naked body to reveal that he is still the only one in the room with a phallus and therefore should h old the power, as a way to force her to answer his question. Quickly, Mrs. Robinson covers her body to reclaim power within the situation. The scene escalates to Mrs. Robinson putting on her stockings again, playing Ben’s focus to her legs once more. Ben easily succumbs to her wiles giving back the power of an imaginary phallus to the older woman.This scene exemplifies Freud’s theory of castration anxiety, as the power in the room is switched back and forth between the person, male or female, who seems to be in possession of the phallus. Another possible, though more complicated, reading of the film emerges in a Lacanian analysis. Unlike Freud, who would argue that having a phallus is of the utmost importance, Lacan complicates the idea of power by questioning if it’s more important to have the Phallus or to be the Phallus. Mrs. Robinson perfectly highlights how important it is for women to be the Phallus. Mrs.Robinson wants to be desired by Ben, which is why sh e becomes so angry at the fact Ben takes her daughter on a date. Mrs. Robinson sees her own daughter’s youth and beauty as a threat to Ben’s attraction and affection. This younger woman is a roadblock to Mrs. Robinson being â€Å"the desire of the other† as Ben now wants someone young and single who poses an option of marriage that Mrs. Robinson does and can not (Palmer 1). In contrast, Ben does not desire to be the Phallus. Instead, he’s chasing pavements, in a sense, as his true desire, or ultimate Phallus, is being able to predict his own future.Though at one time he desired to be with Mrs. Robinson, his sense of desire changes as he realizes Mrs. Robinson cannot give him what he wants the way that Elaine can. Only Elaine, with her youth and ability to marry can be the only one who truly cannot give him what he wants, insight into his future which includes the possibility of a wife and children. Under this Lacanian analysis, it is almost impossible to distinguish whether it is more important to have the Phallus or to be the Phallus as both characters are left as equally unhappy. Mrs.Robinson is left feeling undesired as Benjamin literally fights tooth and nail to be with Elaine, and Benjamin is left still unknowing what the future holds for him. The film ends with Ben and Elaine running away from Elaine’s wedding to hop on a bus, take one last glance at what they left behind, and sit facing their future, starting blankly. A conventional reading of this film might conclude that the film has a â€Å"happy ending† since Benjamin ultimately ended up with the girl he had been chasing throughout the movie and therefore should be happy with achieving his goal. Freud and Lacan would both vehemently disagree with this reading.Freud would infer that since Ben continued to repress his feelings and act out his Oedipal Complex he has an obvious perversion that could only be solved or aided with deep and prolonged psychotherapy. Likewise, Lacan would conclude that Benjamin’s continuous pursuit of the Phallus is ultimately futile. Since Ben can never fully predict or understand his future, even when a life with Elaine is imminent, he will never be fulfilled or validated, as he will still have desires he can never realize. Only now, he has the added obligation of carrying Elaine along with him on his never-ending hunt for fulfillment.Works Cited The Graduate. Dir. Mike Nichols. Perf. Dustin Hoffman and Anne Bancroft. Embassy Pictures, 1967. DVD. Leitch, Vincent B. â€Å"Fetishism. † The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2010. 841-45. Print. Palmer, Donald D. â€Å"The Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic. † Structuralism and Poststructuralism for Beginners. New York, NY: Writers and Readers, 1997. N. pag. Print. Tyson, Lois. â€Å"Psychoanalytic Criticism. † Critical Theory Today: A User-friendly Guide. New York: Routledge, 2006. 11-52. Print.

Lord of the Flies: Examine Goldings methods of writing in the last three paragraphs of Chapter Nine

The end of chapter 9 is very different to the rest of the novel, both in the style it is written and in what Golding is trying to portray about human nature. My first impressions of this extract are how different Golding's style of writing is; he is much more poetic, mythical way â€Å"the clear water mirrored the clear sky†. The rest of the novel is written in much more of a matter-of-fact style, through the eyes of one of the other boys, however still in third person. The way he uses adjectives such as â€Å"inaudible† create a sense of calmness and silence, which is a harsh contrast to the killing scene just before â€Å"the noise was unendurable†. This is perhaps to represent the calm, quiet spirituality of Simon's nature, and show how he is a million miles away from the other boys, who made so much noise. It could also represent the fact that Simon is now alone, both physically and metaphorically as he is the only one who knows the truth. Golding also creates an almost superhuman element to Simon, making Simon godlike or giving him the air of a Saint; â€Å"†¦dressed Simon's course hair with brightness†. This is interesting as it is something he was made a point of not doing elsewhere in the novel. He has made a point of showing how fragile human nature is- â€Å"Ralph, cradling the conch, rocked to and fro†, here showing Ralph's emotional breakdown after participating in a murder, and shown the other boys to have regressed to become subhuman â€Å"savages†, in opposition to Simon becoming almost angelic. Throughout the novel Golding has also used the island as a microcosm of the ‘real world', and towards the end of the extract he goes against this idea and describes the world beyond in great detail â€Å"itself a silver shape beneath the steadfast constellations†. I think the fact he describes this in so much detail is important, he is clearly trying to make a point of it: the fact the death of Simon is such a huge human tragedy, but yet when compared to the enormity of the natural world it pales in insignificance. Even though the novel at first seems pessimistic, and hard to believe the author was a Christian, I disagree. When Golding writes â€Å"Simon's dead body moved out to sea†, I think he is showing that amongst all the injustices in the world, those with faith and spirituality (as I think Simon is meant to represent the spiritual aspect of human nature) will go to a better place away from the horror of the world. I think the novel perhaps has a subtle underlying Christian message. You can see throughout that Golding has been very crafting in how he uses techniques to explain the importance of Simon's death in the novel, and the important differences between Simon and the other boys, and the fact Simon has not turned savage. The language he has used to show this is not typical of the rest of the novel however the symbolism is.

We Simply Cannot Wait

I was near the emergency ward of a hospital to claim my laboratory results when an ambulance came rushing in, carrying two victims of a vehicular accident, both of them seriously wounded and unconscious. From there I thought, should these things happen, who will the hospital attendants respond to, if both patients are in danger, both in need of immediate care, and both cannot wait, does the hospital have enough resources and capability to respond to such situations? Such reflections immediately come to mind when I read about Dr. Martin Luther King’s idea on the myth of time. Undoubtedly, he is right when he says, We Can’t Wait (2000) when dealing with problems in our country. . The attitude of waiting for time to come when all things will be good and beautiful is basically an old Christian tradition. Priests in the earlier times usually advise people to beg for God’s mercy and wait for His providence. In contrast, King tells us that while hunger and suffering per sist in the land, we cannot just wait until someone, like the government, finally decides to help us alleviate our sufferings. Applying this in broader terms, we realize that given the everyday struggle that Somali children face each day, we simply cannot wait for when donors will schedule sending relief goods. We need to act right away. Similarly, when we see people lying cold on the streets, we do not think of rallying in front of the senate the next morning to fight for their equal rights, we do not go to the social welfare to refer these people for help. While these actions could help the majority of the needy in the long run, these would take too much time, and before the government agency responds, the person would already be ill or dead. The challenge that Dr. King imposes in his article is timeless. It is addressed not only to the government, to civil rights organizations, or to wealthy businessmen. Rather, it is addressed to everyone, to all of us, regardless of race, gender, age, religion or economic status. This challenge requires only one thing, that is, to respond to the problem at hand, right away, right on time. Responding to this challenge, we give immediate help to those in need. To those feeling cold on the streets, we give out our jacket, old sheets, shirt, etc. Likewise, to those who are hungry, we provide some food and water. These things are not difficult, especially since we do not consume everything we have on our plate. When we eat, we always have some leftovers which we put inside the refrigerator, and most often, we forget about them so they still end up in the trash bin the next day. Moreover, reflecting on this challenge in the education area, teachers cannot take too much time before they respond to the needs of their students. In the classroom setting, they take responsibility over the needs of their students, and not wait for the school’s recommendations. Likewise, on a personal level, students extend help to others who are in need, and avoid feeling indifferent to the needs of their schoolmates. In sum, the challenge that Dr. King imposes on each of us requires our efforts to lift a finger and be good Samaritans to others. In addition, it also asks us not to discriminate, but rather help those in need regardless of their culture or origins. If we can exercise this in our everyday life, there will be less suffering. Therefore, the next time we encounter people needing our help, we should bear in mind the words of Dr. King, â€Å"We (simply) can’t wait. †

Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina

PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY Introduction In 1995 Hornby described education as a process of training and instruction of children and young people in educational institutions which is designed to give knowledge and develop skills useful to the society. This process is centred by a number of planned activities which hold the potentials of imparting the skills significant to the society just as the definition points out.An outline or structure of these activities is what makes up an educational curriculum. Pillai (1984; p5) defines the curriculum as a comprehensive plan for an educational training programme or course to offer new or improved manpower to fulfil the rising needs of a dynamic society . Below is a discussion of some of the purposes of the curriculum to the society. * The curriculum serves the function of a tool for societal development.The curriculum include important and knowledge to be imparted on the learners, this is to say that there is a supplement of ide as on the students despite their innate intelligence. These new ideas help in discoveries that may assist in the society’s growth for example, new ways of increasing agricultural productivity. A student at school may encounter an idea that may help in the increase of agricultural outputs and if he implements this new idea, the society to which he belongs, would develop economically.A point which Jacobs (1997, p23) agrees with by saying that â€Å"education is the realization of each person’s unique potentialities thus, education focuses on the social conditions that block the fullest realisation of individual potentialities as it emphasizes on the changes in the present system required to bring about a more humanistic society†. This is just to say that education allows learners to make important contributions to the societies to which they belong, on the other hand enhancing the development of their particular societies. The curriculum also works as a source of societal cohesion. Webster (2011, p365) described a society as an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another. This togetherness is partially achieved through the curriculum in that the curriculum holds distinctive aims and objectives and these are shared amongst all kinds of members of educational institutions across the nation.This is to say that there are similar goals set across the communities of the nation despite the societal differences. To achieve these goals and objectives the society members must share ideas and cooperate and this fosters cohesion as members of different communities are inclined to come together and formulate ways by which they can attain their shared goals. The curriculum serving the purpose of cohesion fostering element amongst members of the society. * The curriculum holds the purpose of effective societal problem solving.Basing on one of the ideologies on w hich education is found, it can be easily said that education can be used for effective societal problem solving, whereby the curriculum happens to be an integral part of the education system. Adopting such an ideology thus education for problem solving, it means that the curriculum in this case must pertain to such an ideology. Whereby it has to include activities and experiences that will allow students attain effective methods of problem solving. In this case the curriculum being used as a tool for effective problem solving.If student undergo experiences of such a curriculum it means they will positively contribute to their particular societies in terms of problem solving. Hence the curriculum depicting the purpose of effective problem solving in the society. Brosnan (1999, p64) agrees by saying that â€Å"the individual is a unique personality who finds his greatest satisfaction in self-expression in response to the changing world†. Thus humans find it less of a burden wh en they speak out their suggestions and solutions to particular problems affecting the society and this is exactly what the curriculum offers through the educational system. The curriculum works as tool for awareness in the society. In the experiences included in the educational curriculum, there are relevant topics that each and every person is to be aware of, for example in Social studies are concerning human rights, child and women’s welfare. These are some of the important things that are rendered to the students under the guidance of the curriculum, when these learners accommodate such ideas and dissipate them on those that happen to be of a shared society as these learners, the curriculum may work as an agent of awareness.This would be so as the learners would function as messengers in their societies as they will let the others know their rights and entitlements. Hence the curriculum serving the purpose of an awareness agent in the society. * The curriculum serves the purpose of societal problem identification. This idea comes about during the development of the curriculum, where a number of steps are covered on of which is that of identifying the background of a nation before coming up with the curriculum.As the professionals struggle to come up with basis of a country they also realise the problem that a nation goes through both in the social economic and cultural context. These problems are implicitly addressed in the activities that are included in the curriculum, thus for example commerce studies which equips students with commercial skills, may help eradicate financial problems that members of the society encounter. Hence the curriculum serving the function of problem identification and solution implementation in the society. * The curriculum as an element for cultural preservation and continuity in the society.Knowing that different societies hold different beliefs and values, the curriculum put into account these differences. This is done when the professionals are formulating the curriculum they tend to include some of the major beliefs and values that the children must be equipped with in older to achieve cultural preservation and continuity. Inclusion of experiences that hold cultural values does not only ensure cultural continuity but also enable the students to recognise their national and cultural identities, how they are developed, and how they can be maintained in their respective societies (O’Neill, 1990; p78).Thus the curriculum being in the position of enhancing cultural preservation and continuity in the society. * Ethical function of the curriculum The curriculum being at the centre of the education system, it holds all sorts of functions along with it, one of which includes social control. In this case the curriculum helps in maintenance of law and older in the society, whereby the curriculum gives learners the access to instruction for proper behaviour and personal conduct, for example, at scho ols children are taught not to steak from others rather to ask for whatever they want in a polite manner.This is the expected mode of conduct which helps reduce cases of increased rates of thieves as these youngsters are nurtured to behave in the required way in their early stages of life. In this case inclusion of such elements in the curriculum enables members of the society to be morally sound. Hence the curriculum serving the function of ensuring ethical conduct. * The curriculum helping in shaping the society The International Educational Agency (I. E.R) report (2006, p3), pin pointed that the curriculum as the core of the education system helps equip students with better skills of reflection which is a vital element for students to grow as learners and as useful citizens of the society. Coupled with the skills of gathering and organising information students have constant opportunities to practice responsible self-direction in the society. In addition, much of the curriculum i s concerned with allowing students to learn about how people live in other places, times and how they are expected to influence the society.These understandings help students to develop high levels of self-awareness. This all can be achieved through the curriculum hence the curriculum helping in shaping the society by producing students that will be able to effectively self-guide themselves in the society. Conclusion Despite the strengths that govern the curriculum, there are a lot of shortfalls that can be corrected, for example inclusion of the rights of those in minority, thus the disabled, elderly just to mention a few. These also happen to be part and parcel of the society, whereby the topics of awareness included in the curriculum seem to dwell much on the abled.Consideration of teacher’s expertise when it comes to their familiarity with the materials and methods prescribed to be used in the teaching and learning process, this is to say that the curriculum indicates tha t it assumes that teachers are conversant with the materials they are expected to use in the teaching and learning process. Even though the curriculum assigns teachers to particular topic to teach, it does not opt for a follow up on whether there is observation of the prescribed topics and see if the required values are really being imparted on to the learners for the society’s benefit.REFERENCES Brosnan, M. J. (1999). Modelling Technophobia: a case for word processing Computers in Human Behaviour, New York; Guilford Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford dictionary: advanced learners edition 5, London; Oxford press International Education Agency, (2006). Report: Society and environment curriculum, revised edition: I. E. A Jacobs, D. (1996). LISREL8 user's reference guide, Illinois, USA: Scientific Software International. O'Neill, W. F. (1990). Educational Ideologies Contemporary Expressions of Educational Philosophy, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing CompanyPillai B. M. (1984). Smart sc hools: Better thinking and learning for every child, New York, USA: The Free Press. Webster, M. (2011). Higher Education in the 21st Century: Futures, New Jersey: USA Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF FOUNDATION STUDIES COURSE TITLE: CURRICULUM THEORY AND PRACTICE COOURSE CODE: EDU 3102 TO: Mrs O Nampanda FROM: Phunziro B. M Mphwina ASSIGNMENT: THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY DUE DATE 22/03/13 Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY Introduction In 1995 Hornby described education as a process of training and instruction of children and young people in educational institutions which is designed to give knowledge and develop skills useful to the society. This process is centred by a number of planned activities which hold the potentials of imparting the skills significant to the society just as the definition points out.An outline or structure of these activities is what makes up an educational curriculum. Pillai (1984; p5) defines the curriculum as a comprehensive plan for an educational training programme or course to offer new or improved manpower to fulfil the rising needs of a dynamic society . Below is a discussion of some of the purposes of the curriculum to the society. * The curriculum serves the function of a tool for societal development.The curriculum include important and knowledge to be imparted on the learners, this is to say that there is a supplement of ide as on the students despite their innate intelligence. These new ideas help in discoveries that may assist in the society’s growth for example, new ways of increasing agricultural productivity. A student at school may encounter an idea that may help in the increase of agricultural outputs and if he implements this new idea, the society to which he belongs, would develop economically.A point which Jacobs (1997, p23) agrees with by saying that â€Å"education is the realization of each person’s unique potentialities thus, education focuses on the social conditions that block the fullest realisation of individual potentialities as it emphasizes on the changes in the present system required to bring about a more humanistic society†. This is just to say that education allows learners to make important contributions to the societies to which they belong, on the other hand enhancing the development of their particular societies. The curriculum also works as a source of societal cohesion. Webster (2011, p365) described a society as an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another. This togetherness is partially achieved through the curriculum in that the curriculum holds distinctive aims and objectives and these are shared amongst all kinds of members of educational institutions across the nation.This is to say that there are similar goals set across the communities of the nation despite the societal differences. To achieve these goals and objectives the society members must share ideas and cooperate and this fosters cohesion as members of different communities are inclined to come together and formulate ways by which they can attain their shared goals. The curriculum serving the purpose of cohesion fostering element amongst members of the society. * The curriculum holds the purpose of effective societal problem solving.Basing on one of the ideologies on w hich education is found, it can be easily said that education can be used for effective societal problem solving, whereby the curriculum happens to be an integral part of the education system. Adopting such an ideology thus education for problem solving, it means that the curriculum in this case must pertain to such an ideology. Whereby it has to include activities and experiences that will allow students attain effective methods of problem solving. In this case the curriculum being used as a tool for effective problem solving.If student undergo experiences of such a curriculum it means they will positively contribute to their particular societies in terms of problem solving. Hence the curriculum depicting the purpose of effective problem solving in the society. Brosnan (1999, p64) agrees by saying that â€Å"the individual is a unique personality who finds his greatest satisfaction in self-expression in response to the changing world†. Thus humans find it less of a burden wh en they speak out their suggestions and solutions to particular problems affecting the society and this is exactly what the curriculum offers through the educational system. The curriculum works as tool for awareness in the society. In the experiences included in the educational curriculum, there are relevant topics that each and every person is to be aware of, for example in Social studies are concerning human rights, child and women’s welfare. These are some of the important things that are rendered to the students under the guidance of the curriculum, when these learners accommodate such ideas and dissipate them on those that happen to be of a shared society as these learners, the curriculum may work as an agent of awareness.This would be so as the learners would function as messengers in their societies as they will let the others know their rights and entitlements. Hence the curriculum serving the purpose of an awareness agent in the society. * The curriculum serves the purpose of societal problem identification. This idea comes about during the development of the curriculum, where a number of steps are covered on of which is that of identifying the background of a nation before coming up with the curriculum.As the professionals struggle to come up with basis of a country they also realise the problem that a nation goes through both in the social economic and cultural context. These problems are implicitly addressed in the activities that are included in the curriculum, thus for example commerce studies which equips students with commercial skills, may help eradicate financial problems that members of the society encounter. Hence the curriculum serving the function of problem identification and solution implementation in the society. * The curriculum as an element for cultural preservation and continuity in the society.Knowing that different societies hold different beliefs and values, the curriculum put into account these differences. This is done when the professionals are formulating the curriculum they tend to include some of the major beliefs and values that the children must be equipped with in older to achieve cultural preservation and continuity. Inclusion of experiences that hold cultural values does not only ensure cultural continuity but also enable the students to recognise their national and cultural identities, how they are developed, and how they can be maintained in their respective societies (O’Neill, 1990; p78).Thus the curriculum being in the position of enhancing cultural preservation and continuity in the society. * Ethical function of the curriculum The curriculum being at the centre of the education system, it holds all sorts of functions along with it, one of which includes social control. In this case the curriculum helps in maintenance of law and older in the society, whereby the curriculum gives learners the access to instruction for proper behaviour and personal conduct, for example, at scho ols children are taught not to steak from others rather to ask for whatever they want in a polite manner.This is the expected mode of conduct which helps reduce cases of increased rates of thieves as these youngsters are nurtured to behave in the required way in their early stages of life. In this case inclusion of such elements in the curriculum enables members of the society to be morally sound. Hence the curriculum serving the function of ensuring ethical conduct. * The curriculum helping in shaping the society The International Educational Agency (I. E.R) report (2006, p3), pin pointed that the curriculum as the core of the education system helps equip students with better skills of reflection which is a vital element for students to grow as learners and as useful citizens of the society. Coupled with the skills of gathering and organising information students have constant opportunities to practice responsible self-direction in the society. In addition, much of the curriculum i s concerned with allowing students to learn about how people live in other places, times and how they are expected to influence the society.These understandings help students to develop high levels of self-awareness. This all can be achieved through the curriculum hence the curriculum helping in shaping the society by producing students that will be able to effectively self-guide themselves in the society. Conclusion Despite the strengths that govern the curriculum, there are a lot of shortfalls that can be corrected, for example inclusion of the rights of those in minority, thus the disabled, elderly just to mention a few. These also happen to be part and parcel of the society, whereby the topics of awareness included in the curriculum seem to dwell much on the abled.Consideration of teacher’s expertise when it comes to their familiarity with the materials and methods prescribed to be used in the teaching and learning process, this is to say that the curriculum indicates tha t it assumes that teachers are conversant with the materials they are expected to use in the teaching and learning process. Even though the curriculum assigns teachers to particular topic to teach, it does not opt for a follow up on whether there is observation of the prescribed topics and see if the required values are really being imparted on to the learners for the society’s benefit.REFERENCES Brosnan, M. J. (1999). Modelling Technophobia: a case for word processing Computers in Human Behaviour, New York; Guilford Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford dictionary: advanced learners edition 5, London; Oxford press International Education Agency, (2006). Report: Society and environment curriculum, revised edition: I. E. A Jacobs, D. (1996). LISREL8 user's reference guide, Illinois, USA: Scientific Software International. O'Neill, W. F. (1990). Educational Ideologies Contemporary Expressions of Educational Philosophy, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing CompanyPillai B. M. (1984). Smart sc hools: Better thinking and learning for every child, New York, USA: The Free Press. Webster, M. (2011). Higher Education in the 21st Century: Futures, New Jersey: USA Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF FOUNDATION STUDIES COURSE TITLE: CURRICULUM THEORY AND PRACTICE COOURSE CODE: EDU 3102 TO: Mrs O Nampanda FROM: Phunziro B. M Mphwina ASSIGNMENT: THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY DUE DATE 22/03/13